Electrical phonograph transducer with multiple styli



Nov. 11, 1952 B. c. ANGLE ET AL ELECTRICAL PHONOGRAPH TRANSDUCER WITH MULTIPLE STYLI Filed Oct. 5. 1948 2 SHEETS-SHEET l grwmvtou ANGLE MAURICE M. 'PALO BELFORD I C.

PAUL VINCENT KELLY B. c. ANGLE ET AL 2,617,895

Nov. 11, 1952 ELECTRICAL PHONOGRAPH TRANSDUCER WITH MULTIPLE STYLI Filed Oct. 5, 1948 2 SHEETS-S'HEET 2 BELFORD MAURICE M.

Patented Nov. 11, 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Belford 0. Angle and Maurice M. Palo, Conneaut, 'fOhio, and Paul Vincent Kelly, West 'Springfield, Pa., assignors'to The Astatic Corporation, -Conneaut, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application October 5, 19,48, SerialNo. 52,854

This invention relates to sound reproducing apparatus and more particularly to improvements in the mechanical-electrical transducers employed to convert the mechanical undulations in ,the grooves of "a record into electrical pulsations suitable for amplification of a v-aeuum'tube amplifier and reproduction in a speaker. 'In the general art of sound reproduction various .automatic record changing arrangements have been proposed and in one such arrangement the trans- "ducer or pickup head is ,firstmade totraverse the upper surface of ahorizontally disposed and rotating record disc, after which the'head'is'moved upwardly totraversethe lower surface of a second vertically spacedv but horizontally disposed 'and'rotating record disc. This mode of operation has heretofore required a complicated and costly pickup head and it is oneofthe'objects of the presentiinvention to provide an improved transducer and stylus assembly which is operative for the purpose aforesaid, but which is nevertheless simple in design, rugged in construction and economicalto manufacture.

A lack of standardization in the specifications of record discs has also presented substantial dif- Qficulty in the art as, for exampleg'in the case of variation in the dimensions of the record grooves where tastyllus having at'ip radiusof approximately 3 mils is required for one .tyr'ie of record ,igroove 'and a stylusihaving a tip radius of approximately 1 mil is requiredifor another type of record groove. 'I-Ieretofore, if the same reproducing apparatus, was to handle either type of record a pairof'pick-up arms eachhaving its own stylus and transducer was required. This arrangement is cumbersome and 3 costly and *it is accordingly another object of the invention to provide improved and zsimpli fi'ed mechanical- --electrical transducers, each having a'pluralityof styli for =.c.oo peration with records of different groove dimensions, iwhereby the same pick-up ararm and transducer may be zemployed :for use .onthe different-types -of records; v e

"The above general objects are accomplished, in accordance with ourinvention,by providing an improved pick-uparm, an improved cartridgelike transducer .assemblyhousing the transducer element, and mounting a .pair of styli which proiect outofithe cartridgefhousing 'in opposite directions; andby providing, "for usewhere. necessary; an improved quickly detachable mechanical and electrical interconnection between the cartrldge and the arm whereby'the cartridge mayibe readily reversed with respect t'o the arm to present one or th'e other of the styli T130 "the playing 7 Claims. (Cl. I'm- 100.41)

A further and more specific object of the inven-, tion is the provision of improved arrangements for rigidly securing'a plurality of oppositely ex: tending styli to a common drive rod of a transvducer of the kind used in reproducing phonograph records. A still further object of the invention is the provision in a reversible transducer system having a plurality of oppositely extending record-engaging styli of an arrangement whereby'th'e idle stylus" is efiectively restrained against oscillation to thereby eliminate the tendency of the driving assembly to resonate at certain frequencies' when reached by the record.

The above and other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon consideration of the following detailed specification and the'accompanying drawing wherein there is disclosed a certain preferred embodiment of the In the drawing: Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly'in section, of a combined arm and pick-up cartridge constructed in accordance with the principles of the :present invention;

Figure :2 is a plan view of the assembly of'Figure 1 "but showing the cartridge in partially ,retracted position;

Figure '3 is avertical section through a modified form of arm constructed in accordance with the invention and showing in elevation a transducer cartridge embodied therein;

Figure 4 is a transverse" sectional view taken along'the line of IVIV of Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a longitudinal section through on other modified form of arm;

Figures :6 and 7 are sectional and plan views, respectively, of a modified form of cartridge constructed in accordance with the principles of the invention; V

* Figures 8 and 9 are longitudinal sectional views of twomodified forms of pickup cartridges;

Figure 10"is a plan view of the assembly of Fig ure 9'; i

Figure '11 is a fragmentary view, on an enla i ed scale, of the drive rodand chuck assembly-used in the cartridge of Figure 5;

"Figure :12 is a fragmentary view, on an enlarged scale, of thedriverod and chuckassembly used in the cartridge of Figure '1; and "Figure 13 is a fragmentary view, onfan enlarged scale, of the driverod and .chuclsassembly uti lized in the oartridgeofFiguresifi and p I-n1the embodiment of the invention shown Figures 1 2 "and 12j the pick-up head carrying arm commonly termed a tone arm, consists of atubular'member "l0 and securedto the outer or free end of this member is a fiat fitting II having a socket I2 to tightly receive the end portion of the tube Iii. As shown, the fitting II is a flat elongated block-like member bifurcated at its outer free end as shown at I3. A socket I4 is formed within the bifurcations with spaced parallel grooved Walls I5 for the slidable reception of a cartridge I8 having tapered side walls I1. The slidable interconnection between the cartridge I6 and the fitting I I is generally illustrated in Figure 4 which shows a similar arrangement for the embodiment of Figure 3, to be later described. Intermediate the sockets I2 and I4 in the fitting I I is a wall IS in which is mounted a pair of spaced female electrical connector parts I9 which are electrically connected with conductors extending through the tube IS. The cartridge i6 is formed of a lower casing section 20 and an upper casing section 2I held together by rivets 22 and enclosing a mechanical-electrical transducing element, preferably a piezoelectric crystal 23. A pair of electrically conducting leads, not shown, interconnect the crystal with a pair of spaced male electrical connectors 24 which are carried on an insulating block 25 clamped in the rear end portion of the cartridge assembly. The alignment of the connector elements I9 and 24 and the guides I5 is such that upon the cartridge being fully inserted in the fitting II electrical connection is automatically established between the output leads of the crystel 22 and the flexible conductors 2D. This relation holds true regardless of whether the casing section 28 or 2| is in uppermost position when the cartridge is moved into the fitting I I.

Journaled within the casing provided by the sections 20 and 2| is a drive rod 26 for the crystal 23 and since this driving assembly is shown more in detail in Figure 12 specific reference is now made to said Figure 12. Drive rod 26 is an integral member having a pair of spaced aligned and rounded sections 21 and 28 for reception in the journals in the cartridge housing and having an end clamp 29 for clamping onto the free end of the crystal 23. Thus, the crystal 23 will be flexed torsionally upon rocking movement of the drive rod 26, all in accordance with usual practice. The rod 26 is enlarged intermediate the portions 21 and 28 as shown at 30 and there is provided in such enlargement a pair of spaced vertically extending bores 3I and 32 to receive the shanks 33 of a pair of record engaging styli associated with the assembly. As shown, each stylus consists of a heavy shank member (33) which is received in the apertures 3| or 32, an angularly related flexible body portion 34 carrying an offset record engaging tip 35 at its outer or free end. A hole is bored inwardly from the endof rod 26 opposite the clamp 29 and the portion 35 of such hole which is within the enlargement 30 is of considerably smaller diameter than is the portion 31 of such hole which is within the portion 28 of the rod. Both the hole portions 36 and 31 are threaded and by reason of the difference in their diameters a smaller set screw 38 may be inserted to clamp a stylus shank in the aperture 32, after which the shank of a second stylus may be inserted in the aperture 3I and rigidly secured therein by a larger set screw 39 threaded in the hole portion 31.

Referring back to Figure 1, it will be noted that the pick-up is illustrated in connection with a lower record disc 40 and an upper record disc M which in some reproducing apparatus move in opposite directions, as indicated. To allow for proper stylus tracking of first the lower record and thereafter the upper record or vice versa Without reversing the cartridge in the fitting II the slanting of the styli 34 is in opposite diections as illustrated, but it should be observed that the spacing of the stylus receiving apertures 3I and 32 allows an identical effective mechanical interrelation to be maintained in the line of drive from either record 40 or 4I while yet employing identical styli assemblies. As shown in Figure l, the casing sections 20 and 2I are provided with relatively off-set stylus receiv ing apertures and stylus guards to accommodate the off-set nature of the stylus mountings.

If desired, the casing with cartridge I6 may be widened slightly as shown at 42 in Figure 2 so that as the cartridge is slid into the fitting II and is almost to its fully operative position the gradual enlargement 42 will tend to force apart the bifurcations of the fitting II, thereby frictionally retaining the cartridge I6 in the fitting II. In practice, the fitting I! will normally be molded from plastic material and the cartridge casing sections 20 and 2I may be similarly produced or die cast, depending on the manufacturers preference. If the assembly is to be employed in the manner now to be described it is desirable that the two halves of the cartridge casing employed be of different color or be otherwise marked so that a user can tell at a glance which of the two styli of the assembly is in downward position.

The general assembly of Figures 1 and 2 may also be employed for selective use with records of different recording specifications. Thus, one of the styli 34 may be provided with a much smaller tip radius to play records having recording grooves of smaller dimension and be rotated in its socket degrees in the manner shown in Figure 3. With the cartridge and styli so prepared the same cartridge and arm may be employed to reproduce either type of record, it being only necessary to turn the cartridge over in the fitting II in changing from one type of record to another.

Figures 3 and 4 illustrate a modified form of arm which may be employed with the cartridge and styli of Figures 1 and 2 when the latter are oriented and prepared for use with different types of records as explained. The arm of Figures 3 and 4 is an inverted channel-like member having side walls 43 and a top wall 44 in the latter of which is formed an aperture 45 so that an operator may readily determine by inspection which of the-two casing sections 20 or 2I is in uppermost position, this being an indication of which stylus is in depending position, as the casing sections are differently colored or otherwise marked with suitable identification. The arm comprised of the walls 43 and 44 is produced by molding a casting and in the process thereof grooves 46 are formed in the inner surfaces of the side walls 43 to snugly receive the cartridge casing in a sliding fit, as will be understood. Spanning the walls 43 at a point spaced rearwardly of the position normally u i d y the rtridge is a wall 41 in which is mounted, in suitable insulating relation, the pair of female electrical connectors I9 for coo eration with the connecting prongs 24 of the cartndge mbly. To allow the cartridge to be readily slid Out Of the arm the front end of the arm is open as at 48.

In pick-up systems employing a pair of styli 0f i 1436 o -time; Whileboth de i-1, 8%

are tohhected to a n transducer irive, "there '{is tendency for the eehehieel drive to resonate due to the moment or the idle stylus. We have found that this-teudehey can be entirely eliminated without eppreeiebly lowering th' extent or fletnesser the trahsuueer response by dably restraining the tip or the idle age fist issues. in t e em odiment er Figure 3 we aeee'inpl shea this meet by ra sin the top wall {4113f the tone arm at its outer tree "hd s ewh at 49 and by securing to the underside er this rais'ed semen 49 esters er soft rubber so i times the tip er the idle style" is embedded uses the ea triuge being" inserte n the v sa i-nose and styles assembl er Figure 2 the usautenie'ge iii-"spacing sneer the stylus ties :rurthei rrem "the pivot "point er the ariht ah the other or the stylus tips. To preside at r the sweeter-ital equal spacing {of the'tw'o sun use them the-armmeuiit while *et enabl ng styli tb b'e employed tve rn utilize the strueture er enures s no 11 where t e crystal drive res fere shor tehednil pidvided'with-a'sl gl'e ehlergeu aperture '51 adapted to receive pair oi styli ks-'33 side by siderelation. -'The drive red, at '52 apair of closer spaced rbllridiabrtiohs which are received i-n suitable rnals-for med in-a modified type of cartridge "'fl'g --havi rl g a lower casing section 53ja'nd an errcasing section 54; The outer end oithe rod 52 drilled and tapped to receive a 's' i-ngle set screw '55 which operates "-to clamp both the stylus shanks in the aperture 5l. With the-styli arranged 'a's shownjih iull 'l' nes in Figures 5 and 11 and with one of theln provided with a smaller tip the apparatusinay be readily employed to selectively play records having different recording systems as outlined above, it being only necessary to reverse the position of the cartridge in the a'rm in changing from one type of record to another. However, upon the cartridge of Figures 5 and 11 being mounted similarly to the cartridge of Figures 1 and 2 and with both'styli identical andlpo- 'jsitionedas shown in full lines the assembly'n'l'ay be employed in automatic record playing equipme t where both of a pair of vertically spaced records rotate in the same direction. Iffloh'e of the pair rotates in an opposite direction it is a simple matterto reverse-one 'oi the styli to a posities as shown-in-dotted lines in'Figure 1 1.

In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figures 6, 7 and 1-3 a separate casing 'for the transducer cartridge is not employed, but, rather, one of the casing sections for the transducer cartridge itself, as the section 56, for example, is elongated as shown at 5'! and provided with an integral mounting ferrule 58 for attaching the cartridge to an arm 59. In this embodiment the drive rod for the transducer crystal 60 consists of a round elongated member 6| which is journaled in suitable spaced rubber bushings secured in the cartridge casing sections and as shown more clearly in Figure 13 there is rigidly attached to the rod 6| in longitudinally spaced and radially opposite extending directions a pair of sockets 62 arranged to detachably receive the shank 63 of a pair of styli 54. By properly selecting the spacing of the socket 62 and the length of the stylus members 63, 64 the same styli tips can be made to be directly opposite each other so that the efiective distance between the pivot point of the arm 59 and either of the styli tips will be the same. With the styli arranged as indicated the assembly is operative to play both sides of a number of records in sequence as will be understood 6 by those familiar with a tbma'tic sound: reproduc ing apparatus. I i 1 Figure 8 illustrates a 'simplifle'd former transducer cartridge having -'a pair of permanently attached styli tor "use "with different type records in ease the Styli tips will have different 2dioperative track the Ed'jfictlt playin 'uif'ais of a pair of spaced parallel record discs which rotate in opposite directions.

It should now be apparent that we haye provided improved rne'chani'calelectr icm transducer assemblies, each embodying a pair of record engaging styli which accomplish the objects initially set out. In our embodiment, theapparatus of the invention is simple in design, durable in operation, and capable of being economically produced. Th 'ugh employment of the prinemles er the i riventin we are enabled to readily provide a single arm and transducer cartridge assembly for operation with either records of 'dilre'r'ent types or with-automatic record players of varying characteristics.

he above specifically described embodiment of the invention should be considered as illustrative only as obviously many changes may bemade therein without departing from the spirit or s'c'ope of the iriverltion. Reference should therefore be had to th appended claims determining the scope of the invention.

1. In 'aphonograph pick-up, an arm, a hat elongated fitting secured to the outer -end nf said arm, said fitting having a bifurcated cuter end and having a longitudinally extending groove in the inner surface-or each of the 151 furcatiohs, a cartridge mounting a mechanicaleleetri'cal transducer and a pair ei record en- (gaging styli slideably -received in said grooves, quick-detachable electrical connectoroonrponents mounted in said fitting at the base of said bifurcations and on said cartridge whereby a connecting circuit is automatically established upon insertion of said cartridge in said fitting, said styli projecting out of said cartridge in opposite directions and said cartridge being insertible in said fitting in either one of two orientations whereby either stylus may be employed to engage a record positioned below said arm and fitting.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1 further characterized in that said cartridge is widened at a point intermediate its ends whereby said cartridge is frictionally and tightly retained in said grooves.

3. Apparatus according to claim 1 further including friction means to retain said cartridge in operative position within said bifurcations.

4. In a phonograph pick-up having a mechanical-electrical transducer, a casing for said transducer, a driving member pivotally mounted in said casing and connected with said transducer, a pair-of oppositely disposed record grove enmember and extending outwardly of said casing, a supporting arm having an open free end and having a socket extending rearwardly from said end to slidably receive and retain said casing, said casing being insertable in said socket in either of two orientations whereby one or the other of said styli are presented for engagement by a record disc, means in said socket cooperating with means on said casing to restrain rotation of said casing about the pivotal axis of said driving member, said axis being generally parallel with the direction of sliding movement of said casing into and out of said arm, a pair of electrical connectors mounted on said casing in symmetrical relation about said axis and electrically connected with said transducer, and a pair of cooperating electrical connectors mounted in'said arm and adapted to be engaged by said first mentioned electrical connectors upon said casing being inserted in said arm in either of said two orientations.

5 Apparatus according to claim 4 further characterized in that said casing comprises upper and lower sections, only on of which is normally visible from a single upper viewing position when said cartridge is inserted in said socket, said casing sections each bearing distinctive indicia to indicate to the user the orienta- .tion of said casing in said socket.

- 6. In a phonograph pick-up having a mechanical-electrical transducer, a casing for said transducer, a driving member pivotally mounted in said casing and connected with said transducer,

a pair of oppositely disposed record groove engaging styli rigidly connected to said driving member and extending outwardly of said casing, a

, supporting arm having an open free end and havnectors mounted on said casing in symmetrical relation about said axis and electrically connected with said transducer, and a pair of cooperating electrical connectors mounted in said arm and adapted to be engaged by said first mentioned electrical connectors upon said casing being inserted in said arm.

"I. In a phonograph pick-up having a mechanical-electrical transducer, a casing for said transducer, a driving member pivotally mounted in said casing and connected with said transducer, a pair of oppositely disposed record groove engaging styli rigidly connected to said driving member and extending outwardly of said casing, a supporting arm having an open free end and having a socket extending rearwardly from said end to slidably receive and retain said casing,

- said casing being insertable in said socket in either one of two orientations whereby one or the other of said styli is exposed for engagement with a record disc, means in said socket cooperating with means on said casing to restrain rotation of said casing about the pivotal axis of said driving member, said axis being generally parallel with the direction of sliding movement of said easing into and out of said arm, means carried by said arm to yieldably restrain movement of the stylus which is not exposed as aforesaid, a pair of electrical connectors mounted on said casing in symmetrical relation about said axis and electrically connected with said transducer, and a pair of cooperating electrical connectors mounted in said arm and adapted to be engaged by said first mentioned electrical connectors upon said casing being inserted in said arm.

I BELFORD C. ANGLE.

MAURICE M. PALO. PAUL VINCENT KELLY.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,503,854 Seelau Aug. 5, 1924 1,830,801 McClatchie Nov. 10, 1931 1,992,893 Thomas Feb. 26, 1935 2,087,135 Wielage July 13, 1937 2,295,712 Brown Sept, 15, 1942 2,318,308 Harris May 4, 1943 2,320,427 Guedon June 1, 1943 2,479,894 Andrews Aug. 23, 1949 2,489,379 Kalmus Nov. 29, 1949 

